Antenna array calibration methods based on simultaneous perturbation

Antenna arrays have gained significant interest in millimetre-wave communication systems as an enabling technology to achieve higher capacity and mitigate the high propagation loss. Such with a large bandwidth need be efficiently calibrated maximise their performance. An antenna array calibration method based on stochastic approximation algorithm simultaneous perturbation has been developed procedures implement it both frequency time domains presented. The approaches define objective functions establish gradient approximations fulfill successful convergence for acquiring coefficients explored. In domain implementation, only fraction of measurement was required calibrate ultrawide compared other methods using technique. effectiveness proposed validated via numerical experiments domains.